TOML
[Tom 的明顯極簡語言]
一種設定檔格式
專為人類設計。
TOML 旨在成為一種極簡的設定檔格式,由於語意明顯,因此易於閱讀。TOML 設計為可以明確對應到雜湊表。TOML 應易於解析成各種語言中的資料結構。
# This is a TOML document
title = "TOML Example"
[owner]
name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
[database]
enabled = true
ports = [ 8000, 8001, 8002 ]
data = [ ["delta", "phi"], [3.14] ]
temp_targets = { cpu = 79.5, case = 72.0 }
[servers]
[servers.alpha]
ip = "10.0.0.1"
role = "frontend"
[servers.beta]
ip = "10.0.0.2"
role = "backend"
-
-
TOML 旨在成為一種極簡的設定檔格式,由於語意明顯,因此
- 易於閱讀
- 明確對應到雜湊表
- 易於解析成各種語言中的資料結構
-
-
- 鍵/值對
- 陣列
- 表格
- 內嵌表格
- 表格陣列
- 整數和浮點數
- 布林值
- 日期和時間,可選擇偏移量
-
-
TOML 已在現今最受歡迎的程式語言中實作:C、C#、C++、Clojure、Dart、Elixir、Erlang、Go、Haskell、Java、JavaScript、Lua、Objective-C、Perl、PHP、Python、Ruby、Rust、Scala、Swift 等,還有更多。
TOML 快速導覽
註解
TOML 認為所有設定檔都應支援註解。
# This is a TOML comment
# This is a multiline
# TOML comment
強大的字串
有四種表達字串的方法:基本、多行基本、字面和多行字面。基本字串以引號包圍
str1 = "I'm a string."
str2 = "You can \"quote\" me."
str3 = "Name\tJos\u00E9\nLoc\tSF."
多行基本字串兩側各以三個引號包圍,並允許換行。包含行尾反斜線以自動修剪任何非空白字元之前的空白
str1 = """
Roses are red
Violets are blue"""
str2 = """\
The quick brown \
fox jumps over \
the lazy dog.\
"""
str2
變成 "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
(單一句子,沒有換行)。
字面字串以單引號包圍。不執行跳脫,因此所見即所得
path = 'C:\Users\nodejs\templates'
path2 = '\\User\admin$\system32'
quoted = 'Tom "Dubs" Preston-Werner'
regex = '<\i\c*\s*>'
由於沒有跳脫,因此無法在以單引號包圍的字面字串中撰寫單引號。這就是多行字面字串的用武之地
re = '''I [dw]on't need \d{2} apples'''
lines = '''
The first newline is
trimmed in raw strings.
All other whitespace
is preserved.
'''
數字
整數、浮點數、無限大,甚至 NaN 都受支援。您可以使用科學記號,甚至千位分隔符號。
# integers
int1 = +99
int2 = 42
int3 = 0
int4 = -17
# hexadecimal with prefix `0x`
hex1 = 0xDEADBEEF
hex2 = 0xdeadbeef
hex3 = 0xdead_beef
# octal with prefix `0o`
oct1 = 0o01234567
oct2 = 0o755
# binary with prefix `0b`
bin1 = 0b11010110
# fractional
float1 = +1.0
float2 = 3.1415
float3 = -0.01
# exponent
float4 = 5e+22
float5 = 1e06
float6 = -2E-2
# both
float7 = 6.626e-34
# separators
float8 = 224_617.445_991_228
# infinity
infinite1 = inf # positive infinity
infinite2 = +inf # positive infinity
infinite3 = -inf # negative infinity
# not a number
not1 = nan
not2 = +nan
not3 = -nan
日期和時間
TOML 功能支援日期、時間和日期時間,並支援時差。
# offset datetime
odt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
odt2 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00
odt3 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00
# local datetime
ldt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00
ldt2 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999
# local date
ld1 = 1979-05-27
# local time
lt1 = 07:32:00
lt2 = 00:32:00.999999